2 research outputs found

    Analysis of asynchronous routers for network-on-chip applications

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    Asynchronous circuit design has been conventionally regarded as a valid alternative to synchronous logic due to its potential for low consumption of resources, power and delay. This includes areas such as the communication infrastructure of modern multi core processors, the so-called Network-on-Chip (NoC) paradigm on which this thesis focus on. In recent times, the transistor downscaling and the increasing clock frequencies have pushed synchronous design to high static power and delay. As a result, the interest for asynchronous integrated routers and links has re-emerged, especially in fields with ultra-low power requirements such as embedded systems. In this thesis, we construct an asynchronous router using Verilog code based on architectures found in the literature. We analyze the functionality of each of the building blocks and verify the operation of the implemented routing algorithm and arbitration mechanism. In the future, the results obtained here are expected to enable a complete implementation of the router in Verilog and its posterior analysis of its scalability

    Comparative Analysis of Real-Time Industrial Ethernet Protocols : ModbusTCP Protocol Implementation

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    Industrial Ethernet Communication protocols for Real-Time communication is the focus of research in a variety of different industrial Applications. The subject of thesis study is a comprehensive analysis of Industrial Ethernet protocols used in safety-critical real-time environment, comparing these based on performance, safety, diagnostics and error detection features, topology preference, cost incurred and openness of the protocol. The protocols chosen for this comparisons are ModbusTCP, EtherNet/IP, Ethernet Powerlink, Profinet IO, EtherCATÂź, Sercos III, and CC-LINK IE, because they are most relevant for real-time applications and they have a widespread global presence in a lot of industrial applications. The industry in focus here is the spacecraft industry, which is a perfect example of a real-time safety-critical environment, where the protocols need to perform under harsh conditions, such as vibrations, exposure to radiation , extreme temperatures and low atmospheric pressure, and have strict timing requirements. The communication protocols for this environment are held to very high standards of performance and communication accuracy. The challenge here is to implement a protocol that can provide deterministic, real-time communication in such extreme conditions. The protocol in focus here is the ModbusTCP protocol , that is implemented on the ESBO-DS Stratospheric Balloon project to establish a communication link with the pointing system on board. ModbusTCP is chosen for this application because it is reliable, has a large support base, it is easy to implement, transparent and extremely interoperable. All these benefits along with providing real-time communication on a space-based application gives us a good reason to continuing the use of ModbusTCP here. The conclusion of the comparison of the selected real-time communication Industrial Ethernet protocols is that there is no “best ” protocol, and the choice of protocol depends on the application in focus. EtherCAT, SERCOS III and PROFINET IRT are all powerful hard real-time protocols, but require dedicated and expensive hardware for implementation. CC-Link IE is also a popular hard real-time protocol that uses special hardware and is well-established in the East Asian countries. Ethernet/IP and ModbusTCP control a large market share in the Industrial Communication domain in addition to providing good performance easily available tools. Ethernet Powerlink is open and provides both implementation and specification royalty free on its organisations website.Industriella Ethernet-kommunikationsprotokoll för realtidskommunikation Ă€r fokus för forskning inom en mĂ€ngd olika industriella tillĂ€mpningar. Ämnet för avhandlingsstudien Ă€r en omfattande analys av industriella Ethernet-protokoll som anvĂ€nds i sĂ€kerhetskritiska realtidsmiljöer, som jĂ€mför dessa baserat pĂ„ prestanda, sĂ€kerhet, diagnostik och feldetekteringsfunktioner, topologipreferenser, uppkomna kostnader och protokollets öppenhet. De valda protokollen för dessa jĂ€mförelser Ă€r ModbusTCP, EtherNet/IP, Ethernet Powerlink, Profinet IO, EtherCATÂź, Sercos III och CC-LINK IE, eftersom de Ă€r mest relevanta för realtidsapplikationer och de har en utbredd global nĂ€rvaro i mĂ„nga industriella tillĂ€mpningar. Branschen i fokus hĂ€r Ă€r rymdfarkostindustrin, som Ă€r ett perfekt exempel pĂ„ en realtidssĂ€kerhetskritisk miljö, dĂ€r protokollen mĂ„ste fungera under tuffa förhĂ„llanden, sĂ„som vibrationer, exponering för strĂ„lning, extrema temperaturer och lĂ„gt atmosfĂ€rstryck, och har strikta tidskrav. Kommunikationsprotokollen för denna miljö hĂ„ller mycket höga standarder för prestanda och kommunikationsnoggrannhet. Utmaningen hĂ€r Ă€r att implementera ett protokoll som kan tillhandahĂ„lla deterministisk kommunikation i realtid under sĂ„dana extrema förhĂ„llanden. Protokollet i fokus hĂ€r Ă€r ModbusTCP-protokollet, som Ă€r implementerat i ESBO-DS Stratospheric Balloon-projektet för att upprĂ€tta en kommunikationslĂ€nk med peksystemet ombord. ModbusTCP Ă€r vald för denna applikation eftersom den Ă€r pĂ„litlig, har en stor supportbas, den Ă€r lĂ€tt att implementera, transparent och extremt driftskompatibel. Alla dessa fördelar tillsammans med att tillhandahĂ„lla realtidskommunikation pĂ„ en rymdbaserad applikation ger oss en god anledning att fortsĂ€tta anvĂ€nda ModbusTCP hĂ€r. Slutsatsen av jĂ€mförelsen av de valda realtidskommunikationens Industrial Ethernet-protokoll Ă€r att det inte finns nĂ„got bĂ€staprotokoll, och valet av protokoll beror pĂ„ applikationen i fokus. EtherCAT, SERCOS III och PROFINET IRT Ă€r alla kraftfulla hĂ„rda realtidsprotokoll, men krĂ€ver dedikerad och dyr hĂ„rdvara för implementering. CC-Link IE Ă€r ocksĂ„ ett populĂ€rt hĂ„rt realtidsprotokoll som anvĂ€nder speciell hĂ„rdvara och Ă€r vĂ€letablerat i de östasiatiska lĂ€nderna. Ethernet/IP och ModbusTCP kontrollerar en stor marknadsandel inom industriell kommunikationsdomĂ€n förutom att de tillhandahĂ„ller bra prestanda lĂ€ttillgĂ€ngliga verktyg. Ethernet Powerlink Ă€r öppet och tillhandahĂ„ller bĂ„de implementering och specifikation royaltyfritt pĂ„ sin organisations webbplats
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